TZSoya Part 5. Innovative Farming: Agronomic Practices and Technology in Soya Production

Introduction

Agronomic practices and technological adoption play a crucial role in enhancing the productivity and sustainability of soya (soybean) farming in Tanzania. The Tanzania Sustainable Soybean Initiative (TSSI) Baseline Report provides detailed insights into the current practices adopted by farmers and the potential for technological advancements to boost soya yields. This article explores the agronomic practices and technological innovations that are shaping soya production in Tanzania.

Improved Seed Varieties

One of the most significant factors influencing soya yields is the use of improved seed varieties. According to the TSSI Baseline Report, over 77% of Tanzanian farmers use improved seed varieties, with Uyole 4 being the most dominant. These seeds are bred for higher yields, disease resistance, and better adaptability to local conditions.

• Benefits of Improved Seeds:
  • Higher Yields: Improved seeds have the potential to produce significantly higher yields compared to traditional varieties.
  • Disease Resistance: These seeds are often resistant to common pests and diseases, reducing the need for chemical interventions.
  • Adaptability: Improved seed varieties are tailored to local growing conditions, enhancing their resilience and productivity.

Fertilizer Application

Fertilizer use is another critical component of successful soya farming. The report indicates that about 22% of farmers apply fertilizers, leading to higher yields compared to farms that do not use fertilizers. Fertilizers provide essential nutrients that enhance plant growth and productivity.

• Types of Fertilizers:
  • Nitrogen-Based Fertilizers: Crucial for vegetative growth and increasing leaf area, which is essential for photosynthesis.
  • Phosphorus-Based Fertilizers: Important for root development and energy transfer within the plant.
  • Potassium-Based Fertilizers: Enhance overall plant health and disease resistance.

Intercropping Practices

Intercropping, or the cultivation of two or more crops in proximity, is a common practice among Tanzanian soya farmers. The report highlights that intercropping soya with other crops like maize and sunflower is prevalent. This practice can have varying effects on yields but offers several benefits.

• Benefits of Intercropping:
  • Soil Health: Intercropping can improve soil structure and fertility by promoting biodiversity and reducing soil erosion.
  • Pest Management: Diverse cropping systems can help in managing pest populations by disrupting pest life cycles.
  • Resource Use Efficiency: Intercropping optimizes the use of available resources such as water, light, and nutrients, leading to better overall productivity.

Technological Innovations

Technological adoption in soya farming is gradually increasing, with various innovations being introduced to enhance productivity and sustainability. These technologies include mechanization, precision agriculture, and digital tools.

• Mechanization: The use of machinery for planting, cultivating, and harvesting soya can significantly reduce labor costs and increase efficiency. Tractors, planters, and harvesters are becoming more accessible to farmers through government programs and private sector initiatives.
• Precision Agriculture: Technologies such as GPS mapping, soil sensors, and drones enable farmers to manage their fields more precisely. Precision agriculture helps in optimizing input use, monitoring crop health, and improving yield predictions.
• Digital Tools: Mobile applications and platforms provide farmers with access to real-time information on weather, market prices, and best farming practices. These tools facilitate better decision-making and improve market access.

Challenges in Agronomic Practices

Despite the benefits of improved agronomic practices and technology, several challenges remain:

• Access to Quality Inputs: Ensuring that farmers have access to high-quality seeds and fertilizers is a persistent challenge. Distribution networks need to be strengthened to reach remote areas.
• Knowledge and Training: Farmers require training on the proper use of inputs and new technologies. Extension services play a crucial role in disseminating this knowledge.
• Infrastructure: Limited infrastructure, such as inadequate storage facilities and poor road networks, can hinder the effective adoption of advanced agronomic practices and technologies.

Recommendations for Enhancing Agronomic Practices

To maximize the potential of agronomic practices and technology in soya production, several strategies can be implemented:

1. Strengthening Extension Services: Expand and improve extension services to provide training on advanced agronomic practices and the use of new technologies. Extension agents can demonstrate best practices and offer personalized advice to farmers.
2. Improving Access to Inputs: Develop robust distribution networks to ensure that high-quality seeds, fertilizers, and other inputs are readily available to farmers. Subsidies and financial incentives can also help make these inputs more affordable.
3. Promoting Technology Adoption: Encourage the adoption of mechanization, precision agriculture, and digital tools through awareness programs, training, and financial support. Partnerships with technology providers can facilitate access to these innovations.
4. Enhancing Research and Development: Invest in research to develop improved seed varieties and agronomic practices tailored to local conditions. Collaboration between research institutions, government agencies, and the private sector can drive innovation.

Innovative agronomic practices and technological adoption are key to enhancing soya production in Tanzania. By improving access to quality inputs, providing training and support, and promoting the use of advanced technologies, Tanzania can boost soya yields and achieve sustainable agricultural growth. The next articles in this series will explore other critical aspects of soya production, including financial and extension services, key challenges in the sector, and policy recommendations to support the growth and sustainability of the soya sector in Tanzania.

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Source:

Tanzania Sustainable Soybean Initiative. (2023). Baseline Report of the Tanzanian Soybean Sub-Sector. Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania (SAGCOT).